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A new type of bending actuator, “monomorph”, is proposed by using a single plate of semiconductive piezoelectric ceramics. The principle of bending originates from the nonuniform distribution of the electric field in a single plate caused by the semiconductor–metal electrode contact. Monomorph characteristics are exemplified in lead zirconate based and barium titanate ceramics. A bend curvature comparable to that of conventional piezoelectric “bimorphs” can be obtained.
Uchino et al. (Wed,) studied this question.
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