The growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly materials has directed global attention toward biomass-derived nanocarbon as a promising alternative to conventional carbon sources. This study explores the synthesis of nanostructured carbon using wheat straw an abundant agricultural byproduct through a systematic process involving acid pretreatment, controlled thermal carbonization, and post- synthesis purification. The methodology emphasizes minimal chemical usage, reduced energy consumption, and maximized carbon yield, aligning with green chemistry principles. Detailed experimental analysis of four batches reveals consistent trends in mass retention and conversion efficiency, indicating the reliability of the synthesis route. Beyond the synthesis process, this research presents an in-depth review of the physicochemical properties of nanocarbon and its wide-ranging applications in water purification, energy storage, catalysis, and biomedical technologies. The integration of experimental data with current advancements in biomass valorization supports the development of scalable, eco-efficient nanocarbon production techniques. Ultimately, this work contributes to the expanding field of sustainable nanotechnology and opens avenues for future industrial applications of carbon nanomaterials derived from renewable waste.
Hezam Saleh Mohammed Dhaif Allah (Sat,) studied this question.