The surging demand for ecofriendly and sustainable energy sources has propelled the exploration of innovative solutions. This study comprehensively investigates the production and characterizations of bioethanol derived from the waste lignocellulose sugarcane top and leave. The biomass composition, including hemicellulose, cellulose, and lignin, was thoroughly analyzed. The hydrolysis uses diluted sulfuric acid at a temperature ranging from 110°C to 122°C, with a time of 20–30 min, and acid concentrations of 2%‐3%. To understand the effect of hydrolysis during fermentation, the untreated and acid‐treated biomass samples underwent various characterization techniques, including FTIR and SME‐EDX. The anaerobic fermentation transformed the hydrolyzed biomass into bioethanol using the yeast strain Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Fermentation occurred at a temperature of 30°C and a pH of 4.86, with a fixed biomass concentration of 10 v/v yeast strain and a final fermentation time of 72 h. The resulting ethanol–water mixture was separated through distillation, and its characteristics were determined, revealing a density of 807 kg/m 3 and a viscosity of 1.55 × 10 6 m 2 s −1 . The observed ethanol yield from sugarcane leaves and tops reached 28.24%. To optimize the process parameters, response surface methodology was employed. The optimal conditions were a temperature of 121.95°C, time of 26.36 min, and an acid concentration of 2.99%. These conditions yielded a total reduced sugar content of 69.63%, thereby maximizing the bioethanol yield. Under these optimal conditions, chromatography‐coupled mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) confirmed the presence of 18.65 g/L of bioethanol in the broth.
Garuma et al. (Thu,) studied this question.