Surface roughness, stainability, and translucency of an additively manufactured interim resin reinforced with a commercially available ceramic composite concentrate after coffee thermal cycling

All tested resins achieved clinically acceptable Ra after polishing and coffee thermal cycling. AM-DEF exhibited a perceptible but clinically acceptable color change, whereas the other resins showed moderately unacceptable changes, highlighting potential esthetic limitations. The reinforced interim resin (AM-R-INT) exhibited a perceptible translucency difference compared with other resins after polishing, and coffee thermal cycling caused a significant reduction in translucency for both AM-R-INT and AM-DEF, resulting in clinically unacceptable changes. These findings emphasize the importance of considering both material composition and polishing procedures when selecting interim and definitive prostheses, particularly for patients with regular exposure to coffee.