Solid Waste Generation and Management at Nnamdi Azikiwe International AIrport, Abuja: A Health Impact Assessment

The rapid expansion of domestic and international mobility, driven by globalization, tourism, and trade, has significantly increased the demand for efficient and sustainable air transport systems. Consequently, the aviation industry has emerged as one of the fastest-growing sectors worldwide. Airports, as critical nodes in the air transport value chain, serve not only as transit hubs but also as complex service environments incorporating commercial, hospitality, and logistics activities. This functional diversification has led to a substantial increase in the volume and complexity of waste generated within airport environments. Effective waste management in airports has therefore become a growing concern, particularly in developing countries where urban sanitation challenges are already pronounced. In Nigeria, for instance, urban environments are often characterized by poor sanitation conditions, with waste generation closely linked to population growth and increased human activity. Airports, due to their high passenger turnover and multifaceted operations, contribute significantly to municipal solid waste streams. These wastes arise from passenger activities, airline operations, food services, retail outlets, and ground handling services. Given the increasing passenger traffic and expansion of airport infrastructure, the management of waste within airport premises has become a critical environmental and public health issue. Poor waste handling practices not only compromise environmental sustainability but also pose potential risks to hygiene, safety, and the overall passenger experience. Furthermore, the integration of modern airport facilities such as shopping complexes, conference centers, and hotels further amplifies waste generation challenges. This study examines the dynamics of waste generation and management within airport environments, with particular emphasis on the implications for environmental sanitation and operational efficiency. It highlights the importance of adopting sustainable waste management strategies that align with global best practices to ensure airports remain safe, clean, and environmentally responsible. The paper underscores the need for improved policy implementation, infrastructure development, and stakeholder collaboration to address the growing waste management challenges associated with modern aviation activities.