Purpose The aim of this paper is to explore the dynamics of accountability in biodiversity offsetting within the context of the Anthropocene. It seeks to examine how compensation agencies operate and how they respond to external pressures through internally generated accountability mechanisms. Design/methodology/approach Focusing on the German setting, this paper draws on 26 semi-structured interviews conducted with representatives of compensation agencies and key stakeholders within the sector, such as nature conservation authorities, policy makers, environmental NGOs and experts. Due to the novelty of the empirical setting, an inductive approach was adopted in undertaking the analysis. Findings The data revealed two interdependent regimes of accountability, one externally imposed and one internally generated. The findings demonstrate how internally generated accountability regimes can substitute for externally imposed accountability regimes where these are lacking. The findings highlight that tensions and interdependence between accountability regimes foster responsible conduct beyond mere compliance, emphasising ethical decision-making. Originality/value This research pioneers an exploration into accountability dynamics within biodiversity offsetting organisations. This paper contributes to an understanding of new environmental governance and accountability challenges which emerge in the Anthropocene. It explores the dynamics between intrinsic motivation and external pressures within a sector of growing importance, entrusted with addressing biodiversity loss.
Reill et al. (Mon,) studied this question.