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This study assesses the predictors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban adults in Prayagraj district, India.

April 22, 2026Open Access

Exploring nutritional and sociodemographic predictors of metabolic syndrome in urban adults of a district of Eastern Uttar Pradesh in India, for strategic gains and policy prescriptions

Key Points

This study assesses the predictors and prevalence of metabolic syndrome among urban adults in Prayagraj district, India.
Conducted a community-based cross-sectional study with 536 adults.
Collected blood samples for biochemical analyses and measured blood pressure and waist circumference.
Utilized logistic regression and chi-square tests for data analysis.
The prevalence of metabolic syndrome was found to be 41.8%.
Age, marital status, caste, and occupation were significantly associated with metabolic syndrome.
Higher body fat and waist-to-hip ratio linked to increased risk of metabolic syndrome.

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a collection of physiological, biochemical, clinical, and metabolic factors associated with a fivefold to sixfold increased risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to assess the extent, patterns, and predictors of MetS among urban adults. Materials and Methods: This community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 536 adults of Prayagraj district, Uttar Pradesh, India, using a multistage sampling technique. A predesigned, pre-tested proforma was used to obtain sociodemographic information. Blood samples were collected aseptically for estimation of serum high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol, triglycerides, and fasting blood glucose. Blood pressure was measured using an electronic blood pressure monitor, and central obesity was assessed by measuring waist circumference using a non-stretchable tape. The National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria were used to diagnose MetS. Data Analysis: Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences. Statistical significance was assessed using the chi-square test. Logistic regression was used for inferential purposes. Results: The prevalence of MetS was 41.8% and increased with age ( P < 0.05). Among affected subjects, 60%–66% had hypertension, high fasting glucose or dyslipidemia, and 73.3% had central obesity. MetS showed significant associations with marital status, caste, and occupation ( P < 0.05). Higher body fat, visceral fat, and waist-to-hip ratio were significantly linked to MetS. Subjects aged 40–59 years and those who reported perceived comorbidities had higher adjusted odds of MetS. Conclusion: Thirteen out of 31 urban subjects had MetS. These findings advocate for the integration of lifestyle modification, targeted intervention for high-risk groups, and health sector reforms in terms of ensuring diagnostic facilities and linking mitigation efforts of MetS with ongoing national noncommunicable diseases programs.

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