What question did this study set out to answer?

The study aims to analyze third harmonic generation in thermal quantum plasma driven by q-Gaussian laser beams and the associated effects of relativistic intensity gradients.

April 23, 2026

Enhanced Third Harmonic Generation in Thermal Quantum Plasma Driven by q-Gaussian Laser Beams

Key Points

The study aims to analyze third harmonic generation in thermal quantum plasma driven by q-Gaussian laser beams and the associated effects of relativistic intensity gradients.
Utilized the Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin approximation and paraxial theory to derive a nonlinear differential equation.
Examined the excitation of electron plasma waves and their coupling with the fundamental wave for THG efficiency calculations.
Demonstrated that relativistic effects improve the intensity gradients, enhancing the excitation of EPWs.
Revealed relationships between laser-plasma parameters and the efficiency of third harmonic generation.

Abstract

In the present study, enhanced third harmonic generation (THG) in thermal quantum plasma (TQP) driven by q-Gaussian laser beams has been studied. Relativistic effects results in generation of intensity gradients inside plasma, which causes electron plasma wave (EPW) excitation at twice fundamental frequency through { {V}} { {B}} mechanism. Excited EPW nonlinearly couples with fundamental wave leading to THG. With the help from Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin (WKB) approximation along with paraxial theory, we have derived nonlinear differential equation expressing response of beam waist of fundamental beam along with expression for efficiency of third harmonic generation. We have also analyzed the influence of suitable laser-plasma parameters on fundamental beam’s focusing characteristics and overall THG efficiency.

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