What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to assess how blending HVO and biodiesel with diesel affects engine efficiency and emissions.

April 25, 2026Open Access

The innovative blend of HVO and biodiesel with diesel for higher generator efficiency, reduction in pollutants and investigation of persistent free radicals emissions

Key Points

This research aims to assess how blending HVO and biodiesel with diesel affects engine efficiency and emissions.
Engine performance and emissions analyzed for diesel/biodiesel/HVO blends (biodiesel: 0–30% vol., HVO: 10% vol.)
Emissions measured included PM2.5, CO, SO₂, and NOx
Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and Raman analysis used to study microstructural and radical properties.
PM2.5 emissions reduced by 12.5–43.9%; CO emissions reduced by 8.01–24.5%; SO₂ reduced by 7.69–25.9%; NOx decreased by 3.33% with HVO addition.
Metal emissions decreased by 24.3–26.8%; brake-specific fuel consumption improved by 2.21%.
Radical concentrations in PM2.5 were 10-fold higher than ambient levels.

Abstract

This study evaluates engine performance and emission characteristics of diesel/biodiesel/HVO blends (biodiesel: 0–30% vol., HVO: 10% vol.). Results demonstrate significant reductions: PM2.5 (12.5–43.9%), CO (8.01–24.5%), SO₂ (7.69–25.9%), and NOx (3.33% reduction via HVO addition). Metal emissions (Na/Fe/Ca/Al > 80% of total detected metals) decreased by 24.3–26.8%, while brake-specific fuel consumption (BSFC) improved by 2.21%. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy revealed consistent PM2.5 microstructural properties across blends (g-factor: 2.0033–2.0035), though radical concentrations (3.0 × 1018-7.4 × 1018 spins/g) exceeded ambient levels by 10-fold. Raman analysis confirmed invariant carbon nanostructures (D/G band ratio: 0.910–0.943), indicating fuel composition primarily modulates emission quantity rather than particulate quality. These findings establish HVO-biodiesel blends as effective fossil diesel alternatives, warranting further research on environmentally persistent free radicals (EPFRs).

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Cite This Study

Cheng et al. (Thu,) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69ec59fc88ba6daa22daba3e https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s42834-026-00279-z

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