Assessment of Maize Plant Health Status Using Ndvi, Savi and Sentinal 2 Images in Kaduna City, Nigeria.

Remote sensing methods can be used to assess plant stress and growth response. The purpose of this study is to examine the health of maize plants in Basawa Farm, Sabon Gari LGA, Kaduna state, using Sentinel 2A pictures. The multispectral Sentinel 2 satellite images of the research region were downloaded from the United States Geological Survey web site during the time of Maize Growth to maturity (March, April, May, June, and July of the year 2021). (USGS). Rainfall data was obtained from the worldClim website. The fake color composite sentinel 2 was created by combining bands 12, 8A, and 2. The visual interpretation of the composite image allows for the counting of 30 farms in the surrounding region of the research. 30 farms in the research region were scanned and sampled using a polygon shape file. According to the computation formula, the NDVI and SAVI were calculated utilizing the Red and Near Infrared (NIR) bands. Those vegetation indices (VI) were studied for the months of March, April, May, June, and July, which correspond to planting, vegetative growth, flowering/reproduction, and maturity/harvest. The plotted Vegetation Indices VI (NDVI and SAVI) across the time of growth were studied to determine the geographical position of Maize farms, and only the farms with vegetation indices that fit into the period of growth were selected. Fitting takes into account the pattern of the vegetation index, which rises from March to June and then drops in July, which is harvest season. The observed Mean was converted into an excel file for descriptive statistical analysis using the Zonal analyst tool in ArcGIS 10.1. The results reveal that only 7 farms were chosen as Maize farms out of 30 farms tested. This observation corresponds to the maize growing season. Some Vegetation indices (NDVI/SAVI) increased while others fell from June to July. The drop in NDVI/SAVI is indicative of maturation and harvest, which happened exclusively in seven farms, as identified by farm identifier: 18, 22, 23, 24, 25, 28, 29. According to the NDVI and SAVI, the entire maize plantation was in good condition with green vegetation from the planting, vegetation, blooming, and reproduction periods. During the reproduction phase, the plantation was at its healthiest. During this time, the maize plantations on farms 24, 25, and 28 were in excellent health and capable of producing a high yield. As a consequence of this study, it is recommended that this approach be used to assess the health of any other plant. More initiatives relating to maize cultivation should be supported because it is the major source of food, particularly in Nigeria.