Smallholder farmers in Ethiopia are increasingly exposed to climate variability, making the adoption of effective adaptation strategies essential for sustaining rural livelihoods. This study explores climate change adaptation practices and their determinants in Duna Woreda, Central Ethiopia, using survey data collected from 400 farm households. Descriptive statistics were employed to identify major adaptation strategies, while a multivariate probit (MVP) model was used to examine the socioeconomic and institutional factors influencing adoption decisions. In addition, principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to analyze farmers’ perceptions of adaptation strategies. The results reveal that soil and water conservation, crop diversification, small‐scale irrigation, and crop rotation are the most widely implemented adaptation strategies in the study area. The MVP model indicates that education level, household size, farm size, access to extension services, availability of agricultural inputs, credit use, and annual income significantly increase the likelihood of adopting adaptation practices. Conversely, a greater distance from markets negatively affects adoption decisions. PCA results show mixed perceptions among farmers: while many recognize the role of adaptation strategies in reducing crop losses and improving soil health, others perceive limited economic benefits. The findings highlight the need for targeted policy interventions that strengthen farmer education, improve extension services, and enhance access to credit and agricultural inputs. Such measures can significantly improve the adoption of climate adaptation strategies and strengthen the resilience of smallholder farming systems in climate‐vulnerable regions.
Bufebo et al. (Thu,) studied this question.