Abstract Adenoids play a crucial role in the immune system of children, acting as a first line of defense against inhaled pathogens. However, their hypertrophy can lead to significant health complications, particularly in relation to atopy, allergic rhinitis, and asthma. Enlarged adenoids contribute to upper airway obstruction, chronic mouth breathing, and recurrent infections, which can exacerbate allergic conditions. Studies suggest a strong association between adenoid hypertrophy (AH) and atopic diseases as persistent immune stimulation and inflammation can increase the risk of allergic sensitization. Additionally, adenoidal hypertrophy may alter airway physiology, promoting the development and severity of allergic rhinitis and asthma by increasing nasal resistance and airway hyperreactivity. Pediatricians should consider persistent adenoids as a significant factor in the management of atopic children, particularly those with allergic rhinitis and bronchial asthma. Early intervention, including medical and surgical options, may improve respiratory function, reduce allergy symptoms, and support optimal childhood development. We examine perspectives from pediatricians and pulmonologists on the long-term consequences of untreated AH, including its role in the exacerbation of atopic diseases and potential developmental delays due to sleep-disordered breathing and chronic hypoxia. Understanding these associations is crucial for early diagnosis, targeted interventions, and multidisciplinary management strategies to improve pediatric respiratory and developmental outcomes.
Patil et al. (Thu,) studied this question.