A research that strives to present reasons that have not been addressed in depth, which arranged for the failure to generalize the experience of federal local governance to all countries of the world whose societies consist of multiple components, which constitute more than 92% of these countries, and they were and still are suffering from crises and disturbances due to the lack of organizing coexistence between them in a fair and stable manner, i.e. providing sound management of social diversity. The research shows that the first reason is not only the shortcomings of the theory of federal local decentralization, but also the existence of theories opposing the application of the federal system of governance, and these theories are believed in by many leaders of countries and decision-makers in them. In contrast, there is a failure on the part of the international community to support and generalize other theories calling for the application of the federal system of governance in all countries that suffer from governance problems due to their diverse social structure. This research is divided into three axes: the first is about the concepts of the theory of decentralization and federalism, the second is about the theories that oppose the application of federal systems of governance, and the third is about those theories that support the application of federal systems of governance, with a conclusion that included the most important conclusions and the most important recommendations reached by the researcher.
Raad Al-Azzawi (Sun,) studied this question.