This study examines the evolution of economic relations between Russia and China before and after the Russian-Ukrainian war، Prior to 2022، China was already a major trading partner for Russia. However، following the imposition of Western sanctions on Moscow، China became Russia’s primary economic partner. This shift was reflected in a significant increase in bilateral trade، with Russia boosting its exports of oil and gas to China at preferential prices. Additionally، financial cooperation between the two countries has strengthened through the use of local currencies in bilateral trade. Politically، Russia and China have also grown closer، driven by their shared desire to challenge U.S. dominance in the international system.Nevertheless، this growing partnership is not without challenges. Concerns over potential Western sanctions، economic disparities between the two nations، and the South China Sea dispute all pose potential obstacles، These factors will play a crucial role in shaping the future of Russian-Chinese economic relations and their impact on the global economic system.
Ahmed et al. (Mon,) studied this question.