The environment is one of the vital issues related to human life and health, and with the increase in environmental attacks, interest in the environment has increased, as legislative regulation is the most effective legal mechanism to address environmental crimes, especially with regard to procedural rules, as it includes following up and controlling environmental crimes, whether by the environmental directorates in the governorates and independent administrations or members of the judicial control, as following up and controlling environmental crimes differs from following up and controlling traditional crimes sometimes due to the distinctive nature of environmental crimes and their novelty for individuals. The Kurdish and Iraqi legislators have followed a policy of pluralism with regard to the bodies that have been authorized to follow up and control environmental crimes, which is a commendable policy due to the continuous increase in environmental crime and the importance of preventing and confronting it, as well as what is related to the bodies responsible for imposing punishment on perpetrators of environmental crimes, which are the regular courts and administrative bodies related to the environment such as the Environmental Protection and Improvement Authority and the governorates’ environmental directorates and independent administrations. We also saw the necessity of establishing a specialized environmental court to quickly resolve environmental cases and ensure the achievement of environmental justice and grant prestige to environmental legislation and its continuous development.
abubaker et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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