Severe plastic deformation (SPD) of biodegradable magnesium alloys and composites: A review of developments and prospects

The use of magnesium in orthopedic and cardiovascular applications has been widely attracted by diminishing the risk of abnormal interaction of the implant with the body tissue and eliminating the second surgery to remove it from the body. Nevertheless, the fast degradation rate and generally inhomogeneous corrosion subsequently caused a decline in the mechanical strength of Mg during the healing period. Numerous researches have been conducted on the influences of various severe plastic deformation (SPD) processes on magnesium bio-alloys and biocomposites. This paper strives to summarize the various SPD techniques used to achieve magnesium with an ultrafine-grained (UFG) structure. Moreover, the effects of various severe plastic deformation methods on magnesium microstructure, mechanical properties, and corrosion behavior have been discussed. Overall, this review intends to clarify the different potentials of applying SPD processes to the magnesium alloys and composites to augment their usage in biomedical applications.