Climate change is intensifying the complexity and severity of pest–pathogen interactions in agriculture, threatening global food security. Rising temperatures, elevated CO 2 levels, shifting precipitation patterns, and extreme weather events are reshaping vector ecology, accelerating insect development, altering pathogen virulence, and disrupting plant defense systems. These changes enhance the frequency of co‐infections, increase herbivore pressures, and promote the emergence and spread of invasive pests and diseases, such as maize lethal necrosis and citrus greening. At the plant level, hormonal crosstalk between salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA) pathways is disrupted, undermining resistance mechanisms, particularly under high temperatures and altered carbon‐to‐nitrogen ratios. Resistance genes and quantitative resistance are increasingly compromised, while existing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies face reduced efficacy due to climate‐sensitive biocontrol agents and pesticides. Effective mitigation demands a paradigm shift toward climate‐resilient crop protection strategies. This includes forecasting models, adaptive surveillance systems, microbiome engineering, and agroecological diversification. Regional vulnerabilities further necessitate context‐specific adaptation and crop breeding approaches. Bridging current knowledge gaps requires long‐term, multifactorial field studies and interdisciplinary research that integrates plant physiology, entomology, pathology, and climatology to develop holistic and future‐ready solutions.
Kumar et al. (Thu,) studied this question.