1079 Prevalence and Correlates of Short Sleep in U.S. Adults: Findings From the 2023 HINTS Survey

Abstract Introduction Insufficient and irregular sleep are common in the United States and are linked to adverse health outcomes. Yet, nationally representative data on behavioral and psychosocial correlates of sleep remain limited. This study examined weekday and weekend sleep duration, short sleep prevalence, and social jetlag among U.S. adults. Methods We analyzed data from the 2023 Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 7). Weekday and weekend sleep duration were self-reported. Short sleep was defined as 7 hours on weekdays. Social jetlag was calculated as the difference between weekend and weekday sleep. Logistic regression identified correlates of short sleep; linear regression examined predictors of weekday sleep, weekend sleep, and social jetlag. Results From the 7200 participants, 52% were women and 48% were men. The mean weekday sleep was 6.31 hours (95% CI: 6.22–6.40), mean weekend sleep was 6.89 hours (95% CI: 6.79–6.99), and average social jetlag was 0.57 hours (95% CI: 0.48–0.66). Overall, 34.9% (95% CI: 33.0–36.8) of adults reported short weekday sleep. In adjusted models, depression diagnosis was associated with longer weekday sleep (+0.65 hours, p 0.01) and lower odds of short sleep (OR=0.72, 95% CI: 0.55–0.93). Anxiety symptoms were linked to higher odds of short sleep (OR=1.41, 95% CI: 1.05–1.89). Greater frequency of moderate exercise was associated with longer sleep (+0.12 hours per day, p 0.05) and reduced odds of short sleep (OR=0.86 per day, 95% CI: 0.76–0.97). Strength training showed a similar protective association (OR=0.89 per day, 95% CI: 0.80–0.99). Hispanic ethnicity predicted longer sleep (+0.25 hours, p 0.05). Neither marijuana use nor sexual orientation was significantly associated with sleep outcomes. No strong predictors of social jetlag were identified. Conclusion In this nationally representative study, one-third of U.S. adults reported insufficient weekday sleep. Physical activity was consistently protective, while anxiety increased risk of short sleep. Depression diagnosis was paradoxically associated with longer sleep. There were no predictors of social jet lag. Support (if any)