The Real-Time Grid Monitoring System is an IoT-based project designed to continuously monitor and control electrical parameters in a power distribution setup. The system utilizes a NodeMCU (ESP8266) microcontroller for real-time data acquisition, processing, and wireless communication. A potentiometer is used to simulate and monitor voltage variations, while an LM324 operational amplifier serves as a crucial component for detecting short-circuit and open-circuit faults in the grid. In the event of such abnormalities, or when undervoltage conditions occur, a buzzer is activated to provide an immediate alert.The system incorporates two relays, enabling remote switching of connected loads through an IoT-based web interface, allowing users to manually control devices from anywhere using a smartphone or computer. Additionally, a 16×2 LCD display presents real-time voltage status, load condition, and fault information locally. This integration of hardware monitoring and IoT control ensures improved reliability, safety, and user convenience. The proposed system provides a cost-effective and scalable approach to enhance smart grid management, offering real-time visibility and quick response to faults. It demonstrates the potential of IoT in modern electrical systems by bridging automation, monitoring, and fault detection into a unified platform. Keywords: NodeMCU, RELAYS, BUZZER, LOADS, LCD, VOLTAGE MONITOR, LM324, OC, SC.
Tumu et al. (Thu,) studied this question.