The urgency of climate action and the aim for justice in energy transitions – dynamics and complexity

Policymakers are confronted with a growing urgency to act upon climate change, while simultaneously, justice considerations are increasingly foregrounded in discussions on energy transition policies. Yet, the dynamics between urgency and justice in energy transitions are not well understood. In this study, we investigate these dynamics thoroughly by taking stock of and bridging different bodies of literature on urgency, justice, and energy transitions. We found the main dynamics to be enabling and jeopardizing. Moreover, there is much nuance within these dynamics. We find, for example, that urgency in energy transition policymaking can lead to the perpetuation of energy injustice, while implementing rapid energy transition measures can also tackle energy injustice. Our analysis advances the understanding of the dynamics between urgency and justice and supports policymakers in navigating these dynamics in their aim for a just energy transition. Based on our analysis, we outline recommendations for energy transition research and policymaking.