Methane Emissions from a State-of-the-Art LNG-Powered Vessel

To meet stringent fuel sulfur limits, together with NOx limits, ships are increasingly utilizing dual-fuel (DF) engines operating with liquified natural gas (LNG) as the primary fuel. Compared to diesel, LNG combustion produces less CO2, which is needed in targeting the reduction of the shipping impact on the climate; however, this could be significantly interfered with by the methane emission formation. In this study, the methane emissions, together with other emission components, were studied by measurements onboard a state-of-the-art RoPax ferry equipped with two different development-stage engines. The results from the current standard state-of-the-art DF engine showed methane levels that were, in general, lower than what has been reported earlier from onboard studies with similar sized DF engines. Meanwhile, the methane emission from the DF engine piloting the new combustion concept was even lower, 50–70% less than that of the standard DF engine setup. Although the CO2 was found to slightly increase with the new combustion concept, the CO2 equivalent (including both methane and CO2) was smaller than that from the standard DF engine, indicating that the recent development in engine technology is less harmful for the climate. Additionally, lower NOx and formaldehyde levels were recorded from the new combustion concept engine, while an increase in particle emissions compared to the standard DF engine setup was observed. These need to be considered when evaluating the overall impacts on the climate and health effects.