= 26). Analyses of variance tested for significant differences between groups, with post hoc tests for individual comparisons. Supplemental analysis compared MMPI-3 scales by ADHD presentation (inattentive vs. combined). Cognitive Complaints Scale scores were elevated across groups, including the ADHD-only and attention complaints-only groups. In contrast, elevations on the Emotional/Internalizing Dysfunction Higher Order Scale and related Restructured Clinical and Specific Problem Scales were most pronounced in the ADHD/internal and internal-only groups, both in terms of mean scores and frequency of clinically elevated profiles. This pattern suggests focal elevations on the Cognitive Complaints Scale may help distinguish attention complaints-only or ADHD-only presentations from cases characterized by prominent internalizing psychopathology. The MMPI-3 may also distinguish ADHD-predominantly inattentive from ADHD-combined presentation via elevations on specific scales of behavioral problems often observed in combined presentations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).
Ramirez et al. (Mon,) studied this question.