Effect of bio‐fertilization and edapho‐climatic conditions on chickpea nodulation, grain yields, and seed protein in a Mediterranean context: a meta‐analysis approach

). For seed protein content (SP), rhizobial inoculation showed no significant effect. However, co-inoculation of Mesorhizobium sp. and Enterobacter sp. consortium showed a promising improvement in NN, GY, and SP. Rhizobial inoculation showed a promising effect on Mediterranean chickpea performance. However, to address edapho-climatic challenges while ensuring potential contribution to soil health and food security, further research on tailored and adapted inoculants is mandatory. © 2026 The Author(s). Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.