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. As can be observed from the evaluation of the kinetic data, the surface of the adsorbent is heterogeneous with different active sites for methyl orange (MO) adsorption. Moreover, based on the rate constant, it can be suggested that there is a specific interaction like electrostatic interaction between MO and the adsorbent for rapid and high uptake of the dye, whereas the adsorption phenomenon is reversible. According to the adsorption mechanisms, intra-particle and film diffusion models simultaneously controlled the rate sorption, which was confirmed by the calculated intra-particle diffusion and the film diffusion coefficients. The evaluation of the thermodynamic parameters revealed that the MO adsorption is spontaneous, endothermic and the randomness increases with the adsorption of MO.
Mohammed et al. (Fri,) studied this question.