This article reads the Gaza genocide through South Africa's governance experience and intellectual traditions, advancing complexity and care as an integrated ethical orientation. Building on the United Nations Independent International Commission of Inquiry's September 2025 legal analysis-which finds Israel responsible for genocidal acts and failures to prevent and punish-I argue that single-day histories compress long-duration harm and blunt institutional obligation. Complexity functions as an ethical descriptor requiring pattern-literate reasoning across systems and time: combining direct statements with circumstantial evidence to test whether genocidal intent is the only reasonable inference from the totality of conduct. Care is specified as operational duty rather than sentiment: halting genocidal measures, restoring humanitarian access, enabling medical evacuation, ceasing arms transfers, and cooperating with international justice. Read alongside Gobodo-Madikizela's (2023) account of triadic temporality in post-apartheid South Africa, the Commission's findings expose how colonial temporality erases continuities between past, present, and foreseeable futures, and why reparative practice must widen decision-relevant testimony. I translate this synthesis into institutional design rules-representation as knowledge practice, testimonial parity, auditable reason-giving, material remedies, and iterative public review-that relocate ethics from exhortation to enforceable procedure under jus cogens and erga omnes duties.
Bryan J. Bergsteedt (Tue,) studied this question.