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Kathleen A. Cramer, Thomas R. Post, Merlyn J. Behr, Cognitive Restructuring Ability, Teacher Guidance, and Perceptual Distracter Tasks: An Aptitude-Treatment Interaction Study, Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, Vol. 20, No. 1 (Jan., 1989), pp. 103-110
Cramer et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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