Key points are not available for this paper at this time.
At the end of the 20th century the attention of some historians focused to a remarkable extent on the experience of Chinese cities in the early decades of the century. This work brings together research by a number of key contributors to this scholarly literature and offers a broadly informed, collective assessment of the late-Qing and Republican elite project fundamentally to remake cities.
Clausen et al. (Fri,) studied this question.