What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Prehypertension (n=102). Intervention: Prehypertension vs. Normotension. Primary outcome: Total cholesterol (mg/dL) (p=<0.05).

June 30, 2023Open Access

Role of lipid profile, apolipoproteins, and their ratio for prediction of cardiovascular disease in essential hypertension

Q: What are the key findings of this study?

Non-diabetic, non-obese male subjects with prehypertension had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (185 vs 166 mg/dL) compared to normotensive controls.

Key Result

Non-diabetic, non-obese male subjects with prehypertension had significantly higher levels of total cholesterol (185 vs 166 mg/dL) compared to normotensive controls.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=102)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Are abnormalities in lipid profile associated with prehypertension in non-obese, non-diabetic males?

Population

102 non-diabetic, non-obese male subjects (32 normotensive, 20 prehypertensive, 30 stage 1 hypertensive, 20 stage 2 hypertensive) from India. Excluded: BMI > 30 kg/m2, fasting blood glucose > 126 mg/dl. (Note: The provided abstract describes a separate case-control study of 250 essential hypertension patients and 250 healthy controls, but the full text data extracted here is from the n=102 cohort).

Comparator

Normotensive controls (n=32)

Outcome

Differences in fasting blood glucose and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C, VLDL-C) across blood pressure categoriessurrogate

Main Result

Absolute Event Rate: 185% vs 166%

p-value: p=<0.05

Abstract

Background and Aim of Study: Dyslipidemia is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, and lipid metabolism changes are linked to essential hypertension. The aim of the study: to investigate the significance of lipid parameters, apolipoproteins, and their ratio in predicting cardiovascular disease among individuals with essential hypertension. Material and Methods: 250 patients with essential hypertension and 250 healthy control subjects were enrolled in this case-control study and their serum lipids and apolipoproteins were analyzed. Differences between cases and controls were examined using independent sample t-test and, a p-value <0.05 was considered significant. Results: In the essential hypertensive group, fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), apolipoprotein B100 (Apo B100) and Apo B100/Apo A1 ratio were increased significantly compared to control subjects. Essential hypertensive patients had significantly decreased levels of apolipoprotein A1 (Apo A1) and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) compared to controls. Moreover, age, body mass index (BMI), FBG, TC, TG, LDL-C, and VLDL-C, as well as the Apo B100/Apo A1 ratio, were significantly positively correlated with both systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), but HDL-C and Apo A1 were significantly negatively correlated in essential hypertensive subjects. There was a significant positive correlation between apo B100 and SBP in people with essential hypertension. Apo B100 and DBP showed a positive association, however, it was not statistically significant. Conclusions: Essential hypertensive people with dyslipidemia and an elevated Apo B100/Apo A1 ratio are at an increased risk for the development of cardiovascular disease.

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