Impact of Genomic Classifiers on Risk Stratification and Treatment Intensity in Patients With Localized Prostate Cancer

BACKGROUND: Tissue-based genomic classifiers (GCs) have been developed to improve prostate cancer (PCa) risk assessment and treatment recommendations. PURPOSE: To summarize the impact of the Decipher, Oncotype DX Genomic Prostate Score (GPS), and Prolaris GCs on risk stratification and patient-clinician decisions on treatment choice among patients with localized PCa considering first-line treatment. DATA SOURCES: MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Web of Science published from January 2010 to August 2024. STUDY SELECTION: Two investigators independently identified studies on risk classification and treatment choice after GC testing for patients with localized PCa considering first-line treatment. DATA EXTRACTION: Relevant data extracted by 1 researcher and overread by a second. Risk of bias (ROB) was assessed in duplicate. DATA SYNTHESIS: Ten studies reported risk reclassification after GC testing. In low ROB observational studies, very low- or low-risk patients with PCa were more likely to have their risk levels classified as the same or lower (GPS, 100% to 88.1%; Decipher, 87.2% to 82.9%; Prolaris, 76.9%). However, 1 randomized trial found that GC testing with GPS reclassified 34.5% of very low-risk and 29.4% of low-risk patients to a higher risk category. Twelve observational studies indicated that treatment decisions after GC testing either remained unchanged or slightly favored active surveillance. In contrast, analyses from a single randomized trial found fewer choices for active surveillance after GPS testing. LIMITATIONS: Heterogeneity in screening patterns, risk-determination cutoffs, pathology, and clinical practices. Studies on treatment choice were moderate to high ROB. CONCLUSION: Although GC tests do not consistently influence risk classification or treatment decisions, the differences observed between observational and randomized studies highlight a need for well-designed trials to explore the role of GC tests in patients with newly diagnosed PCa considering first-line treatment. PRIMARY FUNDING SOURCE: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. (PROSPERO: CRD42022347950).