Evolution of Electronic Voting in Russia: Problems of Classification and Periodization

Aim. The study focuses on classifying the types of electronic voting used in Russia in 1996-2020 in the context of the evolution of the corresponding form of political participation. Methodology. In the article, we generalize the experience of the electronic voting in Russia on the basis of the retrospective and comparative analysis. We use classification method in order to divide the electronic voting history into periods. In addition, we use expert survey for better understanding of campaign managers’ opinions on the mentioned practice. Results. In conclusion, the authors subdivide the process of the electronic voting development in Russia into six periods on basis of three criteria, namely, voting in the normal way or electronic voting online, the elections level and the obligatory force of the election returns. Research implications. The article presents the author’s approach to the identification of stages and types of electronic voting in Russia.