Medical Device–Related Pressure Injuries: A Systematic Review for Prevalence, Causes, and Risk Factors Since the COVID-19 Pandemic

OBJECTIVE: The intensive care unit (ICU) is a critical environment where patients are at risk for developing medical device–related pressure injuries (MDRPIs). This review aims to synthesize the literature and assess the prevalence, causes, and risk factors of MDRPIs, particularly in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was conducted to guide this study. A comprehensive search strategy was used across multiple databases, including PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Scopus, and CINAHL. STUDY SELECTION: The search focused on studies published between 2019 and 2024, specifically targeting adult patients in the ICU. Studies focusing on pediatric populations, patients with mental illnesses, or those investigating ulcers unrelated to MDRPIs were excluded. DATA EXTRACTION: After screening and selecting relevant studies, data were extracted and analyzed in numerical data. DATA SYNTHESIS: The review included 35 studies, revealing a high prevalence of MDRPIs in ICU settings, ranging from 5.01% to 62.4% across various countries. The prevalence was related to several factors, such as patient demographics (age and comorbidities), ICU practices, and the type and duration of medical device usage. Mechanical ventilation, nasogastric tubes, and endotracheal tubes were among the most common devices associated with MDRPIs. CONCLUSIONS: Tailored interventions, such as regular skin assessments and pressure-redistributing devices, are crucial for preventing MDRPIs and improving patient outcomes. The COVID-19 pandemic experience emphasizes the need for vigilant monitoring and evidence-based preventive measures in critical care environments.