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This overview examines the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix during key biological processes.

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July 1, 1999Open Access

Matrix Metalloproteinases

Key Points

This overview examines the role of matrix metalloproteinases in the breakdown of the extracellular matrix during key biological processes.
Explored the regulation of matrix metalloproteinases by growth factors, hormones, and cytokines.
Discussed the proteolytic activities of MMPs and their regulation by endogenous inhibitors.
Confirmed that MMP expression is transcriptionally regulated by multiple biological signals.
Highlights the importance of MMPs in processes like embryonic development and tissue remodeling.

Abstract

The timely breakdown of extracellular matrix (ECM)1 is essential for embryonic development, morphogenesis, reproduction, and tissue resorption and remodeling. The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), also called matrixins, are thought to play a central role in these processes. The expression of most matrixins is transcriptionally regulated by growth factors, hormones, cytokines, and cellular transformation (1, 2). The proteolytic activities of MMPs are precisely controlled during activation from their precursors and inhibition by endogenous inhibitors, α-macroglobulins, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs).

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