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The various techniques available for comparing factor‐patterns may be conveniently classified according to the type of measurement scale for which each is most appropriate. If the factor loadings be regarded as based simply on a ‘nominal’ scale (i.e. on a dichotomous distinction between salient and non‐salient loadings), then a quick working procedure can be derived which, being non‐parametric, avoids the questionable assumption that the loadings are normally distributed. The test so obtained proves less powerful than a parametric test, but has special advantages both theoretical and practical.
Cattell et al. (Sun,) studied this question.