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Abstract This article presents a novel application of an optimal Multi‐term Fractional‐Order PID (MFOPID) controller for improving the performance of the automatic voltage regulator (AVR) system. A recently developed Rao algorithm has been used to optimize the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller. The effectiveness of the Rao algorithm tuned Multi‐term FOPID controller for the AVR system has been proved by performing transient response, robustness, and performance analyses. Statistical analysis of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controlled AVR system has been carried out to explore the most effective performance index among ITAE, ITSE, ISE, and IAE. The external disturbance rejection capability of the Rao algorithm‐tuned MFOPID controller has been examined by injecting external disturbances into the AVR system of different capacities at different times. The superiority of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller is validated by comparing the simulation results with recently employed various PID, PID‐Acceleration (PIDA), and FOPID controllers tuned by different metaheuristic algorithms. In addition, the behavior of the proposed Multi‐term FOPID controller has been examined in a real synchronous generator that is connected to a 10,000 MVA, 230 kV electric power network via a 210 MVA transformer using a MATLAB/Simulink environment. From the various simulation results, it has been concluded that the proposed Rao algorithm tuned optimal and robust Multi‐term FOPID controller has significantly improved the performance, robustness and stability of the AVR system.
Paliwal et al. (Mon,) studied this question.