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Molecular membranes in aqueous solutions interact via van der Waals, hydration, and electrostatic forces. In addition, thermal fluctuations of the membranes generate long-range effective repulsion. A systematic theory of the interplay among these interactions reveals a continuous phase transition from a state where the membranes are bound together to a state where they are completely separated. In three dimensions, this unbinding transition is driven by fluctuations. Quantitative correlations with data for lipid bilayers suggest that it can be observed experimentally.
Lipowsky et al. (Mon,) studied this question.