What is the clinical evidence from this study?

Study design: Cross-Sectional. Population: Hypertension (n=1333). Primary outcome: Latent class classification of lifestyle behaviors.

April 6, 2022Open Access

Identifying Excessive Intake of Oil and Salt to Prevent and Control Hypertension: A Latent Class Analysis

Key Result

Patients with hypertension were classified into three lifestyle clusters, with 68.27% exhibiting a pattern characterized by excessive intake of edible oil and salt.

Study Design

Type

Cross-Sectional (n=1,333)

Multicenter

Structured PICO

Population

Residents aged ≥15 years with hypertension in an urban area of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China.

Outcome

Classification of lifestyle behaviors and awareness/control of hypertension

Latent class analysis reveals that nearly 70% of hypertensive patients in an urban Chinese cohort exhibit excessive oil and salt intake, emphasizing the need for targeted dietary interventions.

Limitations

Cross-sectional design cannot establish temporality.
Unable to account for potential dietary modifications made by individuals due to the cross-sectional design.
Dietary sodium and oil intake were estimated using 24-h recall, which is subject to measurement error compared to 24-h urinary sodium excretion.

Abstract

Introduction To identify health hazard behaviors and provide a basis for targeted management and intervention for patients with hypertension, we classified their health-related behaviors. Methods A multi-stage random sampling method was used to conduct an on-site questionnaire survey among residents aged ≥15 years in a certain urban area of Taiyuan City, Shanxi Province, China. A latent class analysis was used to classify the lifestyle behaviors of patients with hypertension. The lifestyle behavior characteristics of different types of patients with hypertension and their awareness of hypertension were assessed. Results The prevalence of hypertension in Taiyuan City was 19.5%. Patients with hypertension were classified into three clusters according to their lifestyle patterns: smoking and drinking (13.35%), excessive edible oil and salt intake (68.27%), and healthy behavior (18.38%). Comparing the three latent classes of lifestyle, the distribution of age, sex, marital status, and education level was different ( P 0.05). The awareness of hypertension and the rate of control among the three classes were also different ( P 0.05). Conclusion The lifestyle behaviors of patients with hypertension have evident classification characteristics. Approximately two-thirds of the patients with hypertension have an excessive intake of oil and salt. Therefore, targeted and precise intervention measures should be taken to control the intake of oil and salt in this cohort.

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