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Since its inception, the software industry has been in crisis. As Blazer noted 20 years ago, “Software is unreliable, delivered late, unresponsive to change, inefficient, and expensive … and has been for the past 20 years” 4. In a survey of software contractors and government contract officers, over half of the respondents believed that calendar overruns, cost overruns, code that required in-house modifications before being usable, and code that was difficult to modify were common problems in the software projects they supervised 22. Even today, problems with software systems are common and highly-publicized occurrences.
Kraut et al. (Wed,) studied this question.