Dietary sodium restriction to ≤2000 mg/d was achieved by only 33.3% of heart failure patients and was associated with significantly lower intake of calories (P<0.001) and protein (P<0.001).
Cross-Sectional (n=114)
Only one-third of Southern US heart failure patients advised to limit sodium achieved the recommended ≤2000 mg/d, and those who did had significantly lower intake of essential macro- and micronutrients, highlighting the need for targeted dietary instruction.
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the quality and adequacy of dietary intake in patients attempting to limit sodium. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to provide a comprehensive analysis of the dietary intake of persons with heart failure (HF) in the Southern United States who have been advised to limit their sodium intake. METHODS: Three-day food diaries were completed by 114 New York Heart Association class II and III persons with HF enrolled in a family partnership intervention study, which were reviewed by a dietitian and analyzed using validated nutritional software. The Harris-Benedict equation for sedentary adults was used to determine macronutrient intake adequacy. Demographic information and clinical data were obtained through patient report and medical record review. RESULTS: Dietary sodium ingestion ranged from 522 to 9251 mg/d (mean SD, 2671 1432 mg/d), with 38 (33.3%) individuals consuming the recommended 2000 mg/d or less in this sample (age, 28-78 years; 64.0% men; 57.0% African American). Mean (SD) caloric intake for the total sample was 1674 (636) kcal/d, with participants eating 99% of the recommended daily allowance (RDA) of protein, 63% of the RDA of carbohydrates, and 89% of the RDA of fat. Participants eating 2000 mg or less of sodium consumed significantly less calories (P < .001), protein (P < .001), carbohydrates (P = .008), and fat (P < .001), but not fiber (P = .103), compared with those consuming more than 2000 mg of sodium after adjusting for body mass index. When analyzed by amount of sodium consumption, persons ingesting 2000 mg or less of sodium per day ate significantly less grains (P = .001) and meat and beans (P = .004) and had less intake of the micronutrients calcium (P < .001), zinc (P = .002), and thiamine (P = .05). CONCLUSION: Only one-third of participants with HF who have been instructed on a low-sodium diet reported consuming the RDA of 2000 mg or less, indicating the need for further dietary instruction with a particular focus on modifying the Southern US diet.
Frediani et al. (Fri,) conducted a cross-sectional in Heart failure (n=114). Low-sodium diet vs. >2000 mg/d was evaluated on Adherence to recommended sodium intake (≤2000 mg/d). Dietary sodium restriction to ≤2000 mg/d was achieved by only 33.3% of heart failure patients and was associated with significantly lower intake of calories (P<0.001) and protein (P<0.001).