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In this paper we analyze and discuss the coverage and capacity of Sigfox and LoRaWAN in a large scale urban environments covering 150 km² in Northern Denmark. First, the study measures and analyzes interference in the European 868 MHz license free industrial, scientific, and medical band, creating a model for the interference. The measured interference in downtown Aalborg has an occurrence rate of 22 % and a generalized extreme value distributed power level. Next, the study compares the coverage of the two Internet of Things network solutions using the existing Telenor cellular site grid both with and without interference from the measured external sources. The study concludes that without interference, both LoRaWAN and Sigfox provides very good indoor coverage of more than 99 %. Furthermore, Sigfox and LoRaWAN can provide uplink and downlink failure rates of less than 1 % for the 95 percentile of the devices for all cells without external interference. Adding the external interference results in an outdoor coverage of 90- 95 % and indoor coverage of 50-80 %. Finally, the uplink and downlink 95 percentile failure rate increases significantly to 50 % for LoRaWAN and exceeds 60 % for Sigfox.
Vejlgaard et al. (Wed,) studied this question.