Synthetic Image Generation with a Lens and Aperture Camera Model

This paper extends the traditional pinhole camera projection geometry used in computer graphics to a more realistic camera model which approximates the effects of a lens and an aperture function of an actual camera. This model allows the generation of synthetic images which have a depth of field and can be focused on an arbitrary plane; it also permits selective modeling of certain optical characteristics of a lens. The model can be expanded to include motion blur and special-effect filters. These capabilities provide additional tools for highlighting important areas of a scene and for portraying certain physical characteristics of an object in an image.