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We present a fluctuation relation for heat dissipation in a nonequilibrium system. A nonequilibrium work is known to obey the fluctuation theorem in any time interval t. Heat, which differs from work by an energy change, is shown to satisfy a modified fluctuation relation. Modification is brought about by the correlation between heat and energy change during nonequilibrium processes whose effect may not be negligible even in the t→∞ limit. The fluctuation relation is derived for overdamped Langevin equation systems, and tested in a linear diffusion system.
Noh et al. (Thu,) studied this question.
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