Introducing a nutrition screening tool: an exploratory study in a district general hospital

BACKGROUND: Concerns have been raised that patients' nutrition is a neglected aspect of care. Accordingly, 'nutrition screening tools' have been devised to ensure that all patients are assessed by nurses and, where appropriate, referred to dieticians. The tool adopted in our hospital was the 'Nursing Nutritional Screening Tool'. AIM: To investigate the impact of this screening tool on: nutrition-related nursing documentation; patient care at mealtimes; dietician referral. METHODS: This study was conducted on two similar general medical wards in a United Kingdom (UK) district general hospital, with the help of staff and patients (n = 175) admitted during two study periods, May 1999 and January 2000. Data were collected over 28 days before and after introduction of the screening tool on one of the wards. For both wards, in each stage of the study, data were collected b: review of patients' notes, non-participant observations of mealtimes. Frequencies of dietician referral and documentation of weight were compared by cross-tabulations and chi2 tests. Nine months later, the findings were discussed with ward sisters in a group interview. FINDINGS: Introduction of the screening tool impacted on the process but not the outcomes of screening. Use of the screening tool increased the frequency of nutrition-related documentation: the proportion of patients with weights recorded increased on the intervention ward (P < 0.001), and decreased on the comparator ward. Frequency of dietician referral decreased on both wards, but differences were statistically insignificant. There was no observable change in patient care at mealtimes. The nurses in charge of the wards felt that introduction of the screening tool had raised awareness of nutrition-related care. CONCLUSIONS: Meeting patients' nutritional needs is a complex aspect of care which may benefit from introduction of structured guidelines. However, the potential of screening tools to improve care is limited by diverse factors, which warrant further exploration.