A BSTRACT Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), encompassing Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis, is a chronic immune-mediated condition with increasing global prevalence. The introduction of biologic and targeted therapies has significantly transformed disease management, offering improved clinical outcomes compared to conventional treatments. This review aims to systematically evaluate the current evidence on biologic and targeted therapies in IBD and to explore emerging trends in personalized treatment strategies. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published between 2015 and 2025. Eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses evaluating the efficacy and safety of biologic and targeted therapies in adult patients with IBD. Data on clinical outcomes, including remission and response rates, were extracted and analyzed. Anti-tumor necrosis factor agents remain highly effective for induction and maintenance of remission but are limited by immunogenicity and loss of response. Vedolizumab offers a gut-selective mechanism with an excellent safety profile, although with a slower onset of action. Ustekinumab demonstrates sustained efficacy, particularly in biologic-experienced patients, with low immunogenicity. Janus kinase inhibitors provide rapid symptom control and the advantage of oral administration but are associated with safety concerns, including infections and thromboembolic events. Comparative evidence supports an individualized approach to therapy selection. Biologic and targeted therapies have revolutionized the management of IBD, enabling more precise and effective treatment strategies. Future research should focus on biomarker-driven approaches and optimization of personalized medicine to improve the long-term outcomes.
Akzhan M. Madenbayeva (Thu,) studied this question.