Abstract Background Trichinella spiralis cathepsin B proteins ( Ts CB) are highly antigenic molecules secreted by the parasite and represent promising candidates for vaccine development. Nanoliposomes are efficient and advanced drug delivery systems that enhance antigen stability and immunogenicity. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the protective efficacy of T. spiralis cathepsin B proteinase antigen ( Ts CBPA), either alone or loaded onto nanoliposomes, with or without aluminium hydroxide as an adjuvant, in a murine model of trichinellosis. Material and Methods Sixty male Swiss albino mice were divided into two main groups: a control (non-infected and T. spiralis -infected subgroups) and a vaccinated groups, the later subdivided into four subgroups according to vaccination protocols. Parasitological assessment was performed on the 8th day post-infection (dpi) to evaluate adult worm burden and on the 35th dpi to assess larval burden. Histopathological examination was conducted during both the intestinal and muscular phases. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure circulating larval antigen, immunoglobulin M (IgM), and immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1). Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to quantify larval DNA in intestinal and muscular tissues. Results Vaccinated groups showed significant reductions in adult worm and larval counts, accompanied by improved inflammatory responses. Circulating larval antigen levels and larval DNA quantities were markedly reduced, while serum IgM and IgG1 levels were significantly increased. The highest protective efficacy was observed in mice vaccinated with nanoliposome-loaded Ts CBPA combined with aluminium hydroxide. Conclusion Ts CBPA and its nanoliposome formulation showed strong protection against murine trichinellosis, with aluminium hydroxide significantly enhancing vaccine efficacy.
hussien et al. (Thu,) studied this question.