Incorporating the Completeness and Difficulty of Proposals Into Weakly Supervised Object Detection in Remote Sensing Images

Weakly supervised object detection (WSOD) in remote sensing images (RSI) only require image-level labels to detect various objects. Most of the WSOD methods incline to capture the most discriminative parts of object rather than the entire object, and the number of easy and hard samples is imbalanced. To address the first problem, a novel metric named objectness score (OS) is proposed and incorporated into the training loss of our WSOD model. The OS is consisted of the traditional class confidence score (CCS) and the object completeness prior score (OCPS). The CCS can provide the probability that a proposal belongs to a certain class, and the OCPS can quantify the completeness that a proposal covers the entire object. Therefore, the samples which cover the entire object with high class confidences will be assigned large weight in the training loss through OS. To handle the second problem, a novel metric named difficulty evaluation score (DES) is proposed and also incorporated into the training loss. The DES is calculated by using the entropy of confidence score vector of each proposal and is used to quantify how difficult a proposal can be identified correctly, consequently, the hard samples will also be assigned large weight in the training loss through DES. The ablation experiments on two RSI datasets verify the effectiveness of the proposed OS and DES. The comprehensive quantitative and subjective evaluations demonstrate that our method inclines to detect the entire object accurately, and surpasses seven state-of-the-art WSOD methods.