Intimate partner violence as a factor associated with risky sexual behaviours and alcohol misuse amongst men in South Africa

Globally intimate partner violence (IPV) is a public health problem that can be perpetrated by both males and females, although males are more likely to inflict severe IPV-related injuries on their female partners. In low- and middle-income countries like South Africa, few studies have conducted research to determine whether IPV perpetration by men may be a risk factor for engaging in other risk behaviours. The aim of this study is to determine whether IPV perpetration by men is a risk factor for engaging in other risk behaviours with a particular focus on risky sexual behaviours and alcohol misuse. The data for this study were drawn from a multilevel intervention study, which addressed the nexus of alcohol abuse and HIV prevention among men in South Africa. Men were screened and recruited from informal drinking places within 12 communities situated in one of the oldest, predominantly Xhosa-speaking African townships in Cape Town. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyse the associations between IVP and potential explanatory variables. Of the 975 men included in the survey, 39.9% reported to have been involved in Intimate Partner Violence. IPV perpetration was significantly more likely among men who reported having a child OR 1.51 (1.07-2.14) p = .019, having a casual sexual partner OR 1.51 (1.11-2.05) p = .008, and those with possible alcohol dependence OR 3.46 (1.17-10.20) p = .024. IPV was significantly less likely among men with matric educational qualification than those with no education OR 0.30 (95% CI: 0.09-1.02) p = .053 and among those who reported using a condom at last sex OR 0.69 (0.50-0.97) p = .034. We therefore recommend that interventions aimed at reducing IPV need to address risky sexual and drinking behaviours amongst men simultaneously, while also focusing on intimate relationship power dynamics and gendered norms amongst couples.