Experimental findings on heat transfer processes in micro- and nanoscale devices and structures deviate significantly from theoretical predictions obtained using classical heat conduction models. When applying the Biot–Fourier hypothesis to describe thermal energy distribution, the influence of the finite neighborhood of a point and the retardation effects on changes in heat flux and temperature are not considered. These phenomena, which arise at the micro- and nanoscale, are known as nonlocal effects. Consequently, the challenge arises to develop and investigate macroscopic mathematical models that account for nonlocality at the micro-level.
И. В. Кутузов (Fri,) studied this question.