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This research identifies structural parallels between Kerr black hole photon orbits and sp hybridization in carbon chemistry.

May 25, 2026Open Access

Kerr Photon Orbits and sp3 Hybridization: Structural Parallels via Bell State Assignment

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This research identifies structural parallels between Kerr black hole photon orbits and sp hybridization in carbon chemistry.
Identification of four orbital configurations in Kerr black holes
Analysis of four tetrahedral bonds in sp hybridization
Examination of symmetry provided by the Gaussian unit group Z4.
Both systems exhibit a 4-fold symmetric structure related to Bell states.
The orbital configurations correspond to the tetrahedral bonds in carbon chemistry.

Abstract

4 Orbits. 4 Bonds. 4 Bell States. One Z4. We identify structural parallels between Kerr black hole photon orbits (four orbital configurations in the 3 equatorial plane) and sp hybridization in carbon chemistry (four tetrahedral bonds). Both exhibit a 4-fold symmetric structure assignable to the four Bell states of a two-qubit system. The Gaussian unit group Z4 = 1, i, −1, −i provides the common symmetry. This is a structural identification (Category B), not a derivation.

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Robert A. Kenney

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Kerr Photon Orbits and sp3 Hybridization: Structural Parallels via Bell State Assignment

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