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Abstract While the integration of GIS in the planning process is becoming more commonplace for efficient description of basic facts, it has not been widely used by planners for the incorporation of local knowledge. This article describes a new approach, termed “Bottom-Up GIS” (BUGIS), in which GIS is placed in the realm of expression and used as a means of expression. The advantage of using GIS in participatory planning activities is that it provides spatial complexity, spatial context, and interactivity and interconnection in the articulation of viewpoints. Thus, BUGIS can be an effective tool to deepen our understanding of residents' perceptions of local issues and preferences.
Emily Talen (Sat,) studied this question.