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The field fluctuations which arise from the possibility of creating positron-electron pairs are computed. These fluctuations, which are inescapable in all field measurements, give a simple interpretation of Heisenberg's results on charge fluctuations, and of the divergences which appear in his calculations. The pair-induced fluctuations in the radiation field are in general small of order compared to those which arise from the corpuscular character of the radiation.
J. Robert Oppenheimer (Tue,) studied this question.